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Purpose: To compare visual outcomes of standard occlusion therapy at home versus clinic in amblyopic children. Methods: A retrospective study of case records of children aged <15 years with diagnosis of strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia or both was conducted at a tertiary eye hospital located in rural North India between Jan 2017–Jan 2020. Those with at least 1 follow?up visit were included. Children with ocular co?morbidities were excluded. Treatment in clinic by admission or at home was based on the parents’ discretion. Children in clinic group underwent part time occlusion & near work exercises for minimum 1 month, in classroom format which we called amblyopia school. Those in home group underwent part time occlusion as per PEDIG recommendations. Primary outcome measure was improvement in number of Snellen’s lines at the end of 1 month & at final follow?up. Results: We included 219 children with mean age of 8.8±3.23 years, out of which clinic group had 122 (56%) children. At one?month, visual improvement in clinic group (2.1±1.1 lines) was significantly greater than home group (mean=1.1±0.8 lines) (P < 0.001). Both groups continued to improve vision on follow?up, however the vision in the clinic group (2.9±1.2 lines improvement at mean follow?up of 4.1±1.6 months), continued to be better than home group (2.3±1.1 lines improvement at mean follow?up 5.1±0.9 months) (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Clinic based amblyopia therapy in the form of an amblyopia school can help expedite visual rehabilitation. Thus, it may be a better option for rural settings where patients in general tend to be poorly compliant.
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Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of pancreas that lasts for a short time. It may range from mild discomfort to a severe, life threatening illness. Abdominal pain which is the major symptom of acute pancreatitis may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension.1 There may be low grade fever with features of shock which is not unusual.2 Most people with acute pancreatitis recover completely after getting the right treatment. About 80% of cases of acute attack are self-limited and recover spontaneously within a week after the treatment. But in severe cases, acute pancreatitis can result in bleeding into the gland, serious tissue damage, infection and cyst formation. Severe pancreatitis can also harm other vital organs such as heart, lungs and kidneys. Transient hypotension, transient myocardial ischemia reflected by ST-T changes in ECG and associated with diastolic dysfunction and ARDS are uncommon complications of acute pancreatitis. This study was conducted to evaluate their incidence and prognostic significance in acute pancreatitis.METHODSThis study was conducted in Patna Medical College Hospital, Patna, on admitted cases during the period august 2018 – august 2019. A total of 30 cases were included in this study who were diagnosed as acute pancreatitis and gave written consent for the same. Patients with association or history of stroke, head injury, CNS infection, features of demyelination, acute coronary syndrome, cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and established liver disease were excluded.RESULTSThe incidence of transient hypotension, transient myocardial ischemia and ARDS in this study was found to be 13.3%, 6.6% and 6.6% respectively and they were all associated with high mortality.CONCLUSIONSThe commonest risk factor of acute pancreatitis was seen to be Gall Stone followed by Alcoholism, hyperlipidaemia and smoking in this study also. The overall mortality (13.3%) in this study was slightly lower than other studies. and this may be due to small sample size and variation of mortality with time of admission. Transient hypotension, transient myocardial ischemia reflected by ST-T changes in ECG, associated with diastolic dysfunction and ARDS were observed as uncommon complications of acute pancreatitis. Their incidence in this study were 13.3%, 6.6% and 6.6% respectively and they were all associated with high mortality. The clinical significance of their early detection is that the early mortality can be reduced with intensive medical and surgical management.a
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Background: Apical surgery or Apicectomy is often a lastresort to surgically maintain a tooth with a periapical lesion thatcannot be managed with conventional endodontic treatment.The present study was conducted to assess retrospectivelycases of apicectomy performed in a known population.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study wasconducted to assess the patients treated with apicectomy overthe time of 6 months. Preoperative periapical radiograph wastaken using a parallel technique. Local anesthesia wasadministered and followed by flap elevation.Surgical curette was used to enucleate the pathologic tissueand identify the root apex with/without prior osteotomy. Theapical 3 mm of the root was resected perpendicularly to thelong axis of the tooth with no or minimal bevel. Flaps wererepositioned and sutured. Periapical radiograph was takenafter surgery using the parallel technique. Antibioticsand analgesics medication were prescribed. Follow-upappointments were arranged. The data was included whichcomprises of demographic data, preoperative clinicalexamination type. Statistical analysis was performed using theSPSS software version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results: In this retrospective study total 87 cases ofapicectomy was recorded over the period of 6 months in which23(26.43%) were male while remaining 64(73.56%) werefemales. Apicectomy cases were prevalent in age group 31-40years (36.78%). Apicectomy cases were prevalent in maxillarytooth(73.56%).Conclusion: Our study concluded that apicectomy cases wereprevalent in females, in age group of 31-40 years and inposterior tooth.
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Background@#Celiac disease is frequently associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but is usually ill-defined and not usually suspected until the disease becomes advanced. @*Objective@#To study the prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care referral centre in north India. @*Methodology@#Two hundred and fifty six patients were screened (149 males and 107 females) during the study period of two years, patients were evaluated for the clinical signs, biochemical investigations and family history of celiac disease in tertiary care health center in western Uttar Pradesh. @*Results@#Twenty four (9.37%) patients were diagnosed to have celiac disease; the mean age at diagnosis of diabetes was 9.34 ± 7.3 years. Only 1/24 patients with celiac disease had been diagnosed before detection of diabetes mellitus. The common manifestations were normocytic normochromic anemia (66.6%) followed by diarrhoea (62.5%), abdominal pain/bloating sensation (58.3%) and short stature (58.3%). Some uncommon manifestations were also observed in small number of patients: rickets (20.8%), recurrent hypoglycemia (16.6%), carpopedal spasm (8.3%), and night blindness (8.3%). @*Conclusion@#Celiac disease was found in about 10% of patients with type 1 diabetes, almost 10-20 times higher than that observed in general pediatric population. Atypical manifestations (rickets, recurrent hypoglycemia, carpopedal spasm and night blindness) were found to be common in patients with type 1 diabetes as compared to the general population. Unexplained anemia, diarrhoea, short stature and rickets should raise suspicion for the possibility of undiagnosed celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , AnemiaRESUMO
Antipyretic effect of ethanolic extract of the leaf of Platycladus orieantalis was investigated. Intraperitoneal administration of boiled milk at a dose 0.5 ml/kg body weight in albino rabbit leads to pyrexia. Intraperitoneal (i. p. route) administration of ethanolic extract of the leaf of Platycladus Orieantalis at a dose 80 mg/kg body weight were shown significantly reduce the elevated body temperature of rabbit which was compared with standard aspirin (market product) and solvent used.